|
In an
Australian study conducted on injured soccer players, those
that consumed Flavay™ experienced significantly less
swelling than those who did not.
Flavay™
has been licensed and sold in France for treating
inflammation and edema (swelling) since 1950.
|
Flavay™ has been
licensed and sold in France for treating inflammation and edema
(swelling) since 1950 and is now available
in the United States as a dietary supplement. Research shows
several ways that Flavay™ can help minimize damage and
accelerate recovery time from strenuous workouts, sports-related
activities and postoperative inflammation.
Flavay’s™
action is synergistic for recovery from injuries: it prevents
the overproduction of nitric oxide by the immune system and
strengthens the body’s collagen, which is a major component of
muscles, tendons, cartilage, ligaments and bones.
Flavay’s™
ability to strengthen and rebuild collagen is important to
injury-recovery because most athletic injuries involve damaged
capillaries (tiny blood vessels), caused by torn muscles,
sprains, fractures or twisting and whiplash. Strengthening of
the vascular walls in the capillaries prevents fluids from
seeping and swelling in the connective tissues. These types of
injuries are painful and usually cause other problems, such as a
loss in physical condition when the injury causes an inability
to train or compete.
Double-blind
studies conducted in France showed that Flavay™ can
reduce postoperative inflammation.
|
Research has shown
that Flavay’s™ ability to strengthen vascular walls may help
the body to repair injuries faster. In an Australian study
conducted on two groups of soccer players that had sustained
injuries, those that consumed Flavay™ for ten days following
their injuries experienced significantly less swelling than
those who did not and, in some of those taking Flavay™, the
swelling had completely disappeared. Other research has
demonstrated the ways in which Flavay™ may actually inhibit
inflammation including double-blind studies conducted in France
which showed that Flavay™ can also reduce postoperative
inflammation.
Natural
Anti-Inflammatory
Inflammation is
caused by the overproduction of free radicals in a specific area
of the body. We now know that antioxidants work together to
defeat free radicals and inhibit the biological pathway that
triggers inflammation, and Flavay™ is particularly effective
as an anti-inflammatory.
Flavay™
can selectively bind to the connective tissue of
joints, preventing inflammation and lessening pain.
|
Flavay™ can
selectively bind to the connective tissue of joints, preventing
inflammation and lessening pain. One of the very first benefits
observed and studied Dr. Jack Masquelier, in as early as 1947,
was the anti-inflammatory effect of Flavay™.
Research
demonstrates that Flavay™ inhibits the release and synthesis
of histamine (which produces accelerated blood flow, dilates
capillaries and increases their permeability, thereby leaking
plasma into surrounding tissue), a key factor in the promotion
of inflammation.
Studies
demonstrate that the anti-histamine action of Flavay™ is
obtained through inhibiting the activity of the enzyme histidine
decarboxylase. Dr. Masquelier’s research has been confirmed by
German studies which show that Flavay™ may lower the
production of histamine with as much as 86% inhibition of
histidine decarboxylase.
Flavay™ also
neutralizes free radicals that promote swelling and cause
inflammation. A free radical called superoxide is involved in
the inflammation of arthritis and several experiments show that
Flavay™ quenches the superoxide free radicals.
Edema
(Swelling)
Edema is an
uncomfortable condition and can be both painful and dangerous.
Swollen and painful legs and ankles, puffiness of the eyes and
an overall bloated look and feel are examples of edema. It
involves the leakage of blood serum into surrounding tissues and
Flavay™ has shown that it can reduce this leakage by
strengthening capillary walls.
All
of those taking Flavay™ for edema (swelling) had
relief from at least some of the symptoms.
|
Italian scientists
from the University of Florence studied the effect of Flavay™
on venous congestion (edema) in the legs. The study involved 40
subjects consisting of 13 men and 27 women between the ages of
34 and 74. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups.
One group received a placebo and the other group received 300 mg
of Flavay™ daily for 60 days.
All of those
taking the Flavay™ had relief from at least some of the
symptoms. After 30 days, the pain was totally relieved in in 38
percent of those taking Flavay™, the swelling disappeared in
26 percent (the circumference of the legs was measured above the
ankle), and 11 percent experienced a decrease in the feeling of
heaviness in their lower limbs. After 60 days, the pain was
totally relieved in 67 percent of those taking Flavay™, the
swelling disappeared in 63 percent, and the decrease in
heaviness jumped to 33 percent.
"Radical
Scavenger Effect" of Flavay™
Protected by U.S. Patent No. 4,698,360
Flavay's™ strong
antioxidant power is patented—as a scavenger of the
free radicals that play a major role in the initiation, duration
and breakdown of inflammation.
|
"[A]
method for preventing and fighting the harmful
biological effects of free radicals in the
organism of warm blooded animals and more especially
human beings, namely cerebral involution, hypoxia
following atherosclerosis, cardiac or cerebral
infarction, tumour promotion, inflammation,
ischaemia, alterations of the synovial liquid, collagen
degradation, among others. The method consists
in administering to said animals and especially to human
beings an amount, efficient against said effects, of a
plant extract with a proanthocyanidins content which has
a radical scavenger effect"—Dr.
Jack Masquelier, U.S. Patent No. 4,698,360.
|
Flavay™ is the
product—used in the actual experiments—by
which Dr. Jack Masquelier established and patented the
"Radical Scavenger Effect."
|
This means that
your immune system works better so that your joints hurt less
and your blood flows better—all because of Flavay™.
Nitric
Oxide: The Double-Edged Sword
Nitric
oxide can act as an anti-inflammatory under
normal health conditions, but it can have the opposite
effect and cause more inflammation to an already
inflamed area when overproduced.
|
Flavay™ can
significantly scavenge nitric oxide radicals. However, as we'll
discuss next, your body needs a certain amount of nitric oxide
in order to maintain good health. Nitric oxide is paradoxical.
It can both mediate normal physiological functions and it can be
highly toxic. Nitric oxide can act as an anti-inflammatory under
normal health conditions, but it can have the opposite effect
and cause more inflammation to an already inflamed area when
overproduced. The key, therefore, is to maintain the optimum balance
of this double-edged sword.
Nitric oxide is a
colorless gas produced by many different cells in the body that,
depending on the situation, can be very good or very
bad. Nitric oxide plays several important roles in the body:
-
Nitric oxide
is an important signaling molecule that turns genes on and
off.
-
By
controlling the muscular tone of blood vessels, nitric
oxide regulates the circulation and normalizes blood flow.
-
Nitric oxide
modulates communication between brain cells and is
instrumental in helping us concentrate and learn new
information, and also in maintaining memory.
-
When
produced by immune cells, nitric oxide fights infection,
kills tumor cells and promotes wound healing.
-
Nitric oxide
is essential for perceiving pleasure and pain, and it
helps translate sexual excitement into penile erections.
-
Nitric oxide
aids in digestion of food by helping to control gastric
movements.
But nitric oxide
can be very destructive under other circumstances:
-
Nitric oxide
restricts blood flow.
-
When
produced in excess by immune cells, nitric oxide can
trigger chronic inflammation, which can cause arthritis,
colitis, inflammatory bowel disease and possibly cancer.
-
Nitric oxide
promotes production of more free radicals.
-
In the
brain, nitric oxide can hamper mental function and cause
memory loss and brain aging.
Flavay™
can help regulate a healthy balance of nitric
oxide in the body.
|
The real trouble
starts when nitric oxide encounters the superoxide free radical
and becomes peroxynitrate, which destroys antioxidants like
glutathione, vitamin E and common flavonoids, and damages
proteins in the body. As long as nitric oxide is produced in the
right amount, it remains friendly. But if nitric oxide is
overproduced, the effect can be very toxic. Research
demonstrates that Flavay™ can help to maintain the optimal
level of nitric oxide by helping the body to produce adequate
levels—and to neutralize this free radical where it does harm.
Superior
Antioxidant Support
Flavay™ is
superior to other antioxidants because its protective effects
are multiplied in the body. While it provides its own, powerful
antioxidant protection, it also supports the dynamic interplay
between other antioxidants in the body. Flavay's ability to
“recycle,” or regenerate vitamins C and E after they have
quenched free radicals vastly extends their unique antioxidant
powers, helping to maintain an optimal, synergistic antioxidant
balance in the body.
Flavay™ is
rapidly absorbed and very quickly distributed throughout the
body. As a free radical fighter, Flavay™ comes to the aid of
the body more quickly than other antioxidants, reducing the
potential for free radical damage and the ravages of aging.
Flavay™ also possesses more reactive sites for neutralizing
free radicals than other known antioxidants. Furthermore, Flavay™
permits reactivity with both positively and negatively charged
free radical species. What this means is that Flavay™ can
“quench” or “scavenge” (neutralize) a broad variety of
free radicals. Highly reactive as an antioxidant in both lipid
(fat) and aqueous (water) phases, Flavay™ neutralizes oxygen
free radicals and is a valuable protector of healthy cells in a
variety of internal conditions. This is a unique property among
antioxidants, as most work either in lipid or aqueous phases,
but not both. Research shows that Flavay™ can regulate nitric
oxide and quench superoxide and the hydroxyl radical. This is
extremely important. Of all the free radicals formed in the
body, the hydroxyl radical is the most dangerous because it can
directly attack DNA. As a free radical scavenger, Flavay™ is
like an antioxidant prize fighter that can successfully take on
all challengers, big or small, in any kind of weather.
Statements made herein have not been
evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended
to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
|
REFERENCES:
Top
|
Masquelier, J. Plant extract with
a proanthocyanidins content as a therapeutic agent having radical scavenging
effect and use thereof. U.S. Patent No. 4,698,360, 1987.
Masquelier, J. A lifetime devoted to OPC and Pycnogenols. Alfa Omega
Editrice,
Pub., 1996.
Schwitters, B., Masquelier, J. OPC in practice. Alfa Omega
Editrice, Publishers,
1995.
Kilham, C., Masquelier, J. OPC: The miracle antioxidant. Keats Publishing,
Inc., 1997.
Packer, L., et al. The antioxidant miracle: your complete plan. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 1999.
Packer, L., et al. Antioxidant food supplements in human health. Academic
Press, 1999.
Lincoln, J., Hoyle, C.H.V., Burnstock, G., Nitric oxide in health and disease.
Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Moncada, S., Nistico, G., Bagetta, G., Higgs, E.A. Nitric oxide and the
cell. Princeton University Press, 1998.
Facino, R.M., et al. Free radical scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities
of procyanidines from vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective
action. Arzneimittelforschung, 44: 592-601, 1994.
Passwater, R.A. The antioxidants: the nutrients that guard your body. Keats
Publishing, Inc., 1985.
Barilla, J. et al. The nutrition superbook: volume 1: the antioxidants.
Keats Publishing, Inc., 1995.
Facino RM, et al. Free radical scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities
of procyanidines from Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective
action. Arzneimittelforschung, 44: 592-601, 1994.
Kuttan R, et al. Collagen treated with catechin becomes resistant to the
action of mammalian collagenase. Experientia, 37: 221-223, 1981.
Masquelier, J., et al. Stabilization du collagene par les oligomeres
procyanidoliques.
Acta Therapeutica, 7:101-105, 1981.
Masquelier, J. Aspects pharmacologiques nouveaux de certains
flavonoides.
A Vie Medical 12:1969.
Laparra, J., et al. Etude pharmaco-cinetique des oligomers procyandoliques
totaux du raisin. Acta Therapeutica, 4, 1978.
Laparra, J., et al. Etude pharmacocinetique des oligomeres
flavonoliques.
Plantes med et phyto, Tome XI, pp. 133-142, 1977.
Robert A.M.; Groult, N.; Six, C.; Robert, L. Etude de laction des
oligomeres procyanidoliques sur des cellules mesenchymateuses en culture.
Ii lattachment des fibres elastiques aux cellules. (Study of the effect
of procyanidolic oligomers on mesenchymal cells in culture. Ii attachment
of elastic fibers to the cells.) Pat Biol, (30)6:601-7, 1990.
Porter, Lawrence J., Wong Rosalind Y. Chan, Bock G. The molecular and crystal
structure of (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-trans-leucocyanidin [(2r,3s,+r)-(+)-3,3,
4.4, 5.7-Hexahydroxyflavan] dihydrate, and comparison of its
heterocyclic ring conformation in solution and the solid state. Journal
of the Chemical Society; Perkin Transactions I 1985. pp. 1413-17.
Masquelier, J. Proanthocyanidins et radicaux libres. 1985.
Uchida, S., et al. Condensed tannins scavenge active oxygen free radicals.
Med Sci Res, (15) 1987. pp. 831-832.
Ariga, T. Radical scavenging action and its mode in procyanidins b-1 and
b-3 from azuki beans to peroxyl radicals. Agric Biol Chem, 54(10) 1990.
pp. 2499-2504.
Da Silva, R., et. al. Radical scavenger capacity of different procyanidins
from grape seeds. Presented at a symposium, Free radicals in biotechnology
and medicine. Royal Society Of Chemistry, London January 1990, pp.
79-80.
Bauman, J., Wurm, G., Bruchhausen, F. Hemmung der prostagladinsynthetase
durch flavonoide und phenolderivate im vergleich nit deren 02 radikalfangereigenschaften
Arch Pharm, (Weinheim) 313 (1980) pp. 330-337.
Lombard, J., et al. The brain wellness plan. Kensington Pub. Corp., 1998.
Flesch M., et al., Effects of red and white wine on endothelium-dependent
vasorelaxation of rat aorta and human coronary arteries. Am J Physiol 1998;275:1183-94.
Fitzpatrick, D.F., Fleming R.C., Bing B, Maggi DA, O'Malley RM. Isolation
and characterization of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing compounds from
grape seeds. J Agr & Food Chem In press.
Fitzpatrick, D.F., Maggi D, Bing B, Coffey RG. Vasorelaxation, endothelium,
and wine. BioFactors 1997;6:455-459.
Fitzpatrick, D.F., Hirschfield SL, Ricci T, Jantzen P, Coffey RG. Endothelium-dependent
vasorelaxation caused by various plant extracts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol
1995;26:90-95.
Fitzpatrick, D.F., Hirschfield SL, Coffey RG. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxing
activity of wine and other grape products. Amer J Physiol 1993;265:H774-H778.
Kuttan, R., Donnelly, P.V., Di Ferrante, N. Collagen treated with catechin
becomes resistant to the action of mammalian collagenase. Experientia, 37:
221-223, 1981.
Masquelier, J. Procyanidolic oligomers. J Parums Cosm
Arom, 95: 89-97, 1990.
Tixier, J.M., et al. Evidence by in vivo and in vitro studies that binding
of pycnogenols to elastin affects its rate of degradation by elastases.
Biochem Pharmacol, 33: 3933-3939, 1984.
Kakegawa, H., et al. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33:5079, 1985.
Harmand, M.F., Blanquet, P. The fate of total flavanolic oligomers extracted
from vitus vinifera l. in the rat. European Journal of Drug
Metabolism and Pharmaccokinetics. 1978, No. 1 pp. 15-30.
Delrieu, P., Ding J., Escande, B., Samain, D. Free-radical scavenging activity
of proanthocyanidolic oligomers encapsulated in glycospheres: an in vivo
and in vitro study. Cosmetology Department & S Biovectors, Ramonville
St. Agne France. pp. 1-9.
Meunier, M.T., Villie, F., et al. Inhibition of angiotensin i converting
enzyme by flavanolic compounds: in vitro and in vivo studies. Planta
Medica,
May 26, 1986. pp. 12-15.
Barbier, A., et al. Activite angioprotectrice des oligomeres procyanidolques
chez lanimal-oedenme de la patte. Sanofi Res Toul Cedex Fr, pp31-40.
Barbier, A., et al. Activite angioprotectrice des oligomeres procyanidolques
chez lanimal-activite aniagoniste vis-a-vis des mediateurs de linflamation.
Sanofi Res Toul Cedex Fr, pp. 31-40.
Dubos, C., Durst, G., Hugonot, H. Evolution de la resistance
capillaire,
spontanement ou artificiellement diminuee par laction dune substance
capillaro-toxique chez des personnes agees--action benefique dun agnet
actif sur la micro-circulation: lEndotelon. Inform. Therapeut. 1980.
pp. 302-305.
Dartenuc, J.Y., et al. Resistance capillaire en geriatrie etude dun
microangioprotecteur-Endotelon. Bordeaux Med. 13:903-7, 1990.
Lagrue, G., Olivier-Martin, F., Grillot, A. Etude des effets des oligomeres
du procyanidol sur las resistance capillaire dand lhypertension arterielle
et certaines nephropathies. Sen. Hosp. Paris 18-25 Septembre, 1981.
Beylot, C., Bioulac, P. Essai therapeutique dun angioprotecteur
peripherique,
lEndotelon. Actualite Therapeutique Gaz. Med. de France (87)22:2919-24,
1980.
Lesbre, F.X., Tigaud, J.D. Effect de lEndotelon sur lindice
de fragilite capillaire dan une population specifique: les sujets
cirrhotiques. Gaz. Med. de France, (90)24 1983.
Sarrat, L. Abord therapeutique des troubles fonctionnels des membres inferieurs
par un microangioprotecteur lEndotelon. Bordeaux Med, 11:685-8, 1981.
Delacroix, P. Etude en double aveugle de lEndotelon dans linsuffisance
veineuse chronique. Therapeutique, la Revue de Medicine, (27-28) Sept. 1981.
pp. 1793-1802.
Thebaut, J.F, Thebaut, P., Vin, F. Etude de lEndotelon dand les manifestations
fonctionnelles de linsuffisance veineuse peripherique-resultats dune
etude en double aveugle portant sur 92 patients. Gazette Medicale,
(92)1, 1985. pp. 96-100.
Chang, W.C., Hsu, F.L. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and arachidonate
metabolism in platelets by procyanidins. Prostagland Leukotri Essent Fatty
Acids, 38:181-8, 1989.
Masquelier, J. Pycnogenols: recent advances in the therapeutical activity
of procyanidins. Supplement of Planta Medica, Journal of Medicinal Plant
Research and Journal of Natural Products, July 1980 pp. 243-256.
Henning, B., et al. Lipid peroxidation and endothelial cell injury: implications
in atherosclerosis. Free Rad Path & Med, (4)1988 pp. 99-106.
Masquelier, J. Les procyanidols du vin leur role dans lalcoolisme.
pp. 88-93.
Gazave, J.M. Notions recentes sur les capillaires
unpub. bulletin
from the Laboratoire De Physiologie Patholigie pp. 26-29.
Ruf, J.C. Wine and polyphenols related to platelet aggregation and
atherothrombosis.
Office International Vigne et du Vin, Nutrition and Health Unit, Paris France;
Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research (Switz.) 25/2-3 (125-131),
1999.
Blaszo, G. Gabor, M. Oedema-inhibiting effect of
procyanidin. Acta Physiologica
Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Tomus 56(2):235-240, 1980.
Tayau, M.F, LeFevre, G. Action du leucocyanidol sur lhyalaluronidase.
Bull Soc Pharm Bordeaux, 95:132-136, 1956.
Lamy, M. Utilization des oligomeres procyanidoliques en
gynecologie. Essai
Therapeutique Tomel (14) Sept. 2, 1981. pp. 1021-22.
Henriet, J.P Une Etude Exemplaire Pour Un
Phlebotrope: letude EIVE. Unpub., pp. 77-83.
Pfister, A., Simon, M.T., Gazave, J.M. Sites de fixation des oligomeres
procyanidoliques dans la paroi des capillaires sanguins du poumon decobaye.
Acta Therapeutica (8) 1982. pp. 223-237.
Kuttan, R., Donnelly, P., Di Ferrante, N. Collagen treated with (+)
-catechin becomes resistant to the action of mammalian
collagenase.
Laboratory of Connective Tissue Research, Dept. of Biochem. Baylor Col.
of Med., Houston TX. 28, May, 1980.
Gendre, P., Laparra, J., Barraud, E. Effect protecteur des oligomeres
procyanidoliques sur le lathyrisme experimental chez le rat. Ann.
Pharm. Francaises, (43)1, 1985 pp. 61-73.
Corbe, C., Boissin, J.P., Siou, A. Light vision and chorioretinal circulation.
Study of the effect of procyanidolic oligomer (Endotelon). Jn. Fr.
Opthalmol,
(11)5:453-460, 1988.
Boissin, J.P., Corbe C., Siou, A. Chorioretinal circulation and dazzling:
use of procyanidol oligomers (Endotelon). Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr, 88(2):173-4,
177-9, 1988.
Proto, F. et al. Electrophysical study of vitis vinifera procyanoside oligomers
effects on retinal function in myopic subjects. Ann Ott Clin Ocul, 114:85-93,
1988.
Saracco, J.B., Estachy, G.M. Etude d lEndotelon en
opthalmologie.
Gaz Med de France, 88:2035-2038, 1981.
Scharrer, A., Ober, M. Anthocyanosides in the treatment of retinopathies.
Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd, 178:386-389, 1981.
Corbe, C., et al. Microangiopathy of the retina. J. Fr.
Opthalmol, 11:453,
1988.
Verin, M.M., Vildy, A., Maurin, J.F., Retinopathies et
O.P.C. Bordeaux Medicale,
(16)11. pp. 1467-74, 1978.
Soyeux, A. et al. Endotelon. Diabetic retinopathy and
hemorheology. Bull
Soc Ophtalmol Fr. 87(12):1441-4, 1987.
Fromantin, M. Les oligomeres procyanidoliques dans le traitement de
la fragilite capillaire et de la retinopathie chez les diabetiques. A propos
de 26 cas. Med Int, 16(11):432-434, Nov. 1981.
Arne, J.L. Contribution a letude des oligomeres procyanidoliques:
Endotelon, dans la retinopathie diabetique (a propos de 30 observations).
Gaz. Med. de France, Vol. 89, No. 30, Oct. 8, 1982.
Baruch, J. Effect of Endotelon in postoperative edema. Results of a double-blind
study versus placebo in 32 female patients. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 29(4):393-5,
1984.
Rao, C.N. et al. Influence of bioflavonoids on the collagen metabolism in
rats with adjuvantinduced arthritis. Ital J Biochem. 30:54-62, 1981.
Gabor, M. Pharmacologic effects of flavonoids on blood vessels.
Angiologica,
9:355-374, 1972.
Havsteen, B. Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological
potency. Biochem Pharmacol, 32:1141-48, 1983.
Reimann, H.J., Lorenz, W., Fischer, M., Frölich, R., Meyer, H.J. Berkhauser
Verlag, Vol. 7/1, Univ. of Marburg/Lahn, Ger., 1977.
Masquelier, J. Action protectrice du vin sur lulcere
gastrique. Resultats,
p. 61.
Amella, M., et al. Inhibition of mast cell histamine release by flavonoids
and bioflavonoids. Planta Medica, 5116-20, 1985.
Shaw, R. How [Australian] PycnoGenol [MASQUELIERs®] Helps Sports
People.
Masquelier, J. Procyanidolic oligomers (leucocyanidins). Parfums Cosmet
Arom 95:89-97, 1990.
Pecking, A., Desprez-Curely, J.P., Megret, G. Oligomers procyanidoliques (Endotelon) dans le traitement des lymphoedemes
post-therepeutiques de members superieurs. Symposium Satellite, Congres International dAngiologie,
Toulouse, France, 4-7 Oct. 1989.
Fahey, T.D., Pearl M. Hormonal effects of phosphatidylserine during 2 weeks
of intense training. Abstract submitted to national meeting of the Amer
College of Sports Medicine, June 1998.
Monteleone, P., Maj, M., Beinat, L., Natale, M., Kemali, D. Blunting by
chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation
of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharm
43: 385388, 1992.
Fahey, T.D., et al. The hormonal and perceptive effects of phosphatidylserine
administration during two weeks of resistive exercise-induced overtraining.
Bio of Sport 15(3):135-44, 1998.
Laparra, J., Michaud, J. Masquelier, J. Action des oligomeres procyanidoliques
sur le cobaye carence en vitamin c. Tavaux Originaux, University of Bordeaux,
1976.
Masquelier, J. Action comparee de divers facteurs vitaminiques p sur loxydation
de lacide ascorbique par les ions cuivriques. Bull. de la Societe
de Chimie Biologique XXXIII (3-4) 1951. pp. 302-304.
Masquelier, J. Action comparee de divers facteurs vitaminiques p sur lacide
ascorbique-oxydase. Bull. de la Societe de Chimie Biologique XXXIII (3,4)
1951. pp.304-306
Kakegawa, H., Matsumoto, H., Endo, K., Satoh, T., Nonaka, G.,
Mishioka,
I. Inhibitory effects of tannins on hyaluronidase activation and on
the degranulation from rat mesentery mast cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull.
33(11)1985. 5079-5082.
Reiman, H.J., Lorenz, M., Fischer, R., Frolich, H., Meyer, J. Histamine
and acute haemorrhagic lesions in rat gastric mucosa: prevention of stress
ulcer formulation by (+)-catechin, an inhibitor of specific histidine decarboxylase
in vitro. Dirkhauser Verlag,Vol. 7/1, 1977.
Pariente, J.J. Parientl-Amsellem, J. Les oedemes
post-traumatoqies
chez le sportif: essai controle de lEndothelon. Actualite Therapeutique
90(3) 2/11 1983 pp. 231-235.
Masquelier, J., et al. Flavonoids et Pycnogenols Int J Vit Nut
Res, (49)3:307-311, 1979.
Yu, C. L. et al. Mutagenicity of proanthocyanidins. Food Chem. Toxicol.
25(2):135-9, 1987.
Pantaleoni, G.C., Quaglino, D. Univerisity of Aquila Pharmacol-Toxicologica
Report, 1971.
Laparra, J., et al., Acta Therapeutica, 4:233, 1978.
Volkner, Wolfgang Muller, Ewald, Micronucleus assay in bone marrow cells
of the mouse with Pycnogenol. Cytotest Cell Research GmbH & Co., projects
143010 & 143021; Feb. 1989.
Acute and chronic toxicity tests. International Bio-Research, Inc., Hanover,
Germany, 1967-1971.
Dumon, M., Michaud, J., Masquelier, J. Proanthocyanidin content in vegetable
extracts to be used in the preparation of medicines. Bull. Soc. Pharm. Bordeaux,
129:51-65, 1990.
|
|